[BUG] Nw: Target page, context or browser has been closed

[dominicarrojado]

Environment

• chromium Version: 133
• playwright-core Version: 1.51
• Node.js Version: nodejs22.x
• Lambda / GCF Runtime: nodejs22.x

Expected Behavior

I should see the page title from the response.

{"statusCode": 200, "body": "{\"pageTitle\":\"Example Domain\"}"}

Current Behavior

Got an error when invoking the function locally:

{"errorType": "Nw", "errorMessage": "Target page, context or browser has been closed", "trace": [""]}
2025-03-15T09:47:38.140Z        d435d0ff-dad4-4af3-934d-ad1f4800f8ae    ERROR   Unhandled Promise Rejection     {"errorType":"Runtime.UnhandledPromiseRejection","errorMessage":"Nw: Target page, context or browser has been closed","reason":{"errorType":"Nw","errorMessage":"Target page, context or browser has been closed","name":"Nw","stack":[""]},"promise":{},"stack":["Runtime.UnhandledPromiseRejection: Nw: Target page, context or browser has been closed","    at process.<anonymous> (file:///var/runtime/index.mjs:1276:17)","    at process.emit (node:events:518:28)","    at emitUnhandledRejection (node:internal/process/promises:252:13)","    at throwUnhandledRejectionsMode (node:internal/process/promises:388:19)","    at processPromiseRejections (node:internal/process/promises:475:17)","    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:106:32)"]}

Steps to Reproduce

SAM Template

# template.yaml
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09"
Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31
Description: my-lambda-function

Globals:
  Function:
    Timeout: 10
    MemorySize: 1024

Resources:
  ChromiumLayer:
    Type: AWS::Serverless::LayerVersion
    Properties:
      Description: Chromium with Node.js integration for AWS Lambda
      ContentUri: layers/chromium
      CompatibleRuntimes:
        - &NodejsRuntime nodejs22.x
      CompatibleArchitectures:
        - &ChromiumArch x86_64
      RetentionPolicy: Delete
    Metadata:
      BuildMethod: *NodejsRuntime
      BuildArchitecture: *ChromiumArch

  MyLambdaFunction:
    Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
    Properties:
      CodeUri: my-lambda/
      Handler: app.lambdaHandler
      Runtime: *NodejsRuntime
      Architectures:
        - *ChromiumArch
      Layers:
        - !Ref ChromiumLayer

    Metadata:
      BuildMethod: esbuild
      BuildProperties:
        Minify: true
        Target: "es2020"
        Sourcemap: true
        EntryPoints:
          - app.ts
        External:
          - "@sparticuz/chromium"

My code

// my-lambda/app.ts
import { APIGatewayProxyEvent, APIGatewayProxyResult } from 'aws-lambda';
import { chromium as playwright, Page } from 'playwright-core';
import chromium from '@sparticuz/chromium';

export const lambdaHandler = async (event: APIGatewayProxyEvent): Promise<APIGatewayProxyResult> => {
  try {
    const browser = await playwright.launch({
      args: chromium.args,
      executablePath: await chromium.executablePath(),
      headless: true,
    });

    const context = await browser.newContext();
    const page = await context.newPage();

    await page.goto('https://example.com');

    const pageTitle = await page.title();

    await browser.close();

    return {
      statusCode: 200,
      body: JSON.stringify({
        pageTitle,
      }),
    };
  catch (err) {
    return {
      statusCode: 200,
      body: JSON.stringify(err.message),
    }
  }

Chromium Layer

// layers/chromium/package.json
{
  "name": "ChromiumLayer",
  "private": true,
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Chromium layer for AWS Lambda",
  "dependencies": {
    "@sparticuz/chromium": "133"
  }
}

Possible Solution

When I use puppeteer-core, I don't face this issue but I would like to use Playwright if possible. Please help to check if I did something wrong here. Thank you